--- title: Media over QUIC at Cloudflare description: MoQ (Media over QUIC) is a protocol for delivering live media content using QUIC transport. It provides efficient, low-latency media streaming by leveraging QUIC's multiplexing and connection management capabilities. image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/dev-products-preview.png --- [Skip to content](#%5Ftop) Was this helpful? YesNo [ Edit page ](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-docs/edit/production/src/content/docs/moq/index.mdx) [ Report issue ](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-docs/issues/new/choose) Copy page # Media over QUIC at Cloudflare MoQ (Media over QUIC) is a protocol for delivering live media content using QUIC transport. It provides efficient, low-latency media streaming by leveraging QUIC's multiplexing and connection management capabilities. MoQ is designed to be an Internet infrastructure level service that provides media delivery to applications, similar to how HTTP provides content delivery and WebRTC provides real-time communication. Cloudflare's implementation of MoQ currently supports a subset of the [draft-07 MoQ Transport specfication ↗](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-moq-transport-07). For the most up-to-date documentation on the protocol, please visit the IETF working group documentation. ## Frequently Asked Questions * What about Safari? Safari does not yet have fully functional WebTransport support. Apple never publicly commits to timelines for new features like this. However, Apple has indicated their [intent to support WebTransport ↗](https://github.com/WebKit/standards-positions/issues/18#issuecomment-1495890122). An Apple employee is even a co-author of the [WebTransport over HTTP/3 ↗](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-webtrans-http3/) draft. Since Safari 18.4 (2025-03-31), an early (not yet fully functional) implementation of the WebTransport API has been available for testing behind a developer-mode / advanced settings feature flag (including on iOS). Until Safari has a fully functional WebTransport implementation, some MoQ use cases may require a fallback to WebRTC, or, in some cases, WebSockets. ## Known Issues * Extra Subgroup header field The current implementation includes a `subscribe_id` field in Subgroup Headers which [draft-ietf-moq-transport-07 ↗](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-moq-transport-07) omits. In section 7.3.1, `draft-ietf-moq-transport-07` [specifies ↗](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-moq-transport-07.html#section-7.3.1): ``` STREAM_HEADER_SUBGROUP Message { Track Alias (i), Group ID (i), Subgroup ID (i), Publisher Priority (8), } ``` Whereas our implementation expects and produces: ``` STREAM_HEADER_SUBGROUP Message { Subscribe ID (i), Track Alias (i), Group ID (i), Subgroup ID (i), Publisher Priority (8), } ``` This was erroroneously left over from a previous draft version and will be fixed in a future release. Thank you to [@yuki-uchida ↗](https://github.com/yuki-uchida) for reporting. ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/directory/","name":"Directory"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/moq/","name":"MoQ"}}]} ``` --- --- title: Background description: Over the years, efficient delivery of live media content has attracted significant interest from the networking and media streaming community. Many applications, including live streaming platforms, real-time communication systems, gaming, and interactive media experiences, require low-latency media delivery. However, it remained a major challenge to deliver media content in a scalable, efficient, and robust way over the internet. Currently, most solutions rely on proprietary protocols or repurpose existing protocols like HTTP/2 or WebRTC that weren't specifically designed for media streaming use cases. image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/dev-products-preview.png --- [Skip to content](#%5Ftop) Was this helpful? YesNo [ Edit page ](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-docs/edit/production/src/content/docs/moq/about/index.mdx) [ Report issue ](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-docs/issues/new/choose) Copy page # Background Over the years, efficient delivery of live media content has attracted significant interest from the networking and media streaming community. Many applications, including live streaming platforms, real-time communication systems, gaming, and interactive media experiences, require low-latency media delivery. However, it remained a major challenge to deliver media content in a scalable, efficient, and robust way over the internet. Currently, most solutions rely on proprietary protocols or repurpose existing protocols like HTTP/2 or WebRTC that weren't specifically designed for media streaming use cases. Realizing this gap, the IETF Media Over QUIC (MoQ) working group was formed to develop a standardized protocol for media delivery over QUIC transport. The working group brings together expertise from major technology companies, content delivery networks, and academic institutions to create a modern solution for media streaming. The MoQ protocol leverages QUIC's advanced features such as multiplexing, connection migration, and built-in security to provide an efficient foundation for media delivery. Unlike traditional HTTP-based streaming that treats media as regular web content, MoQ is specifically designed to understand media semantics and optimize delivery accordingly. Key benefits of MoQ include: * **Low latency**: QUIC's 0-RTT connection establishment and reduced head-of-line blocking * **Adaptive streaming**: Native support for different media qualities and bitrates * **Reliability**: QUIC's connection migration and loss recovery mechanisms * **Security**: Built-in encryption and authentication through QUIC * **Efficiency**: Protocol designed specifically for media delivery patterns The protocol addresses common challenges in live streaming such as handling network congestion, adapting to varying bandwidth conditions, and maintaining synchronization between audio and video streams. MoQ represents a significant step forward in standardizing media delivery for the modern internet. ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/directory/","name":"Directory"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/moq/","name":"MoQ"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"/moq/about/","name":"Background"}}]} ```